Choose a complete, balanced food formulated for your dog's age, size, and activity level. Look for a named protein as the first ingredient and avoid excessive fillers. Fresh water should always be available, and treats should make up no more than 10% of daily calories.

You should be able to feel your dog's ribs without pressing hard, and see a visible waist when viewed from above. If the ribs are hard to find or there's no waistline, your dog may be overweight. A vet can confirm with a proper body condition assessment.

Daily walks, interactive toys, and short training sessions all help burn energy and keep your dog mentally engaged. The right amount of exercise varies by breed and age, so aim for consistency rather than intensity, and adjust based on your dog's energy level.

Create a calm, predictable routine and a safe space your dog can retreat to. Gentle exercise, calming music, and slow desensitization to triggers can help. For persistent or severe anxiety, talk to your vet about behavioral support or other options.

Schedule a yearly wellness checkup, and see a vet sooner if you notice changes in appetite, energy, or behavior, unusual lumps, limping, or digestive issues. When in doubt, it's always safer to have a vet take a look.